kirtland's warbler scientific name

That same year 216 singing male warblers were recorded an increase of 9.2% from the 200 males recorded in 1972, and the first increase recorded ever. ABC is playing a lead role to ensure needed conservation efforts for the Kirtland's Warbler continue, including with a wide range of partners through the Kirtland's Warbler Conservation Team. Since the recovery plan began in the 1970s, the numbers of Kirtland's warbler have steadily risen, with an estimated population of 5,000 in 2016. In October 2019, after 50+ years on the endangered species list, the Kirtland's Warbler was delisted by the U.S. In 1973 the program was expanded to four traps, which caught 3,300 cowbirds and resulted in no parasitism that year. Large efforts are being made to save these warblers. It is a habitat specialist and extremely vulnerable to cowbird nest parasitism. [15], If Haney et al. [28], A 1966 study found that shooting and trapping the cowbirds could reduce parasitism from 65% to 21%, and in 1972 cowbird control efforts commenced. Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), which is recorded to have been known by local folk in Michigan by the common name jack pine bird,[2][3] and is also known as the jack pine warbler, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family (Parulidae), named after Jared Potter Kirtland, an Ohio doctor and amateur naturalist. [21] They leave their breeding range between August and October. [citation needed] The ice age climate was somewhat drier overall and almost all of its present-day range was covered by solid ice as late as 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. Biologists finally discovered the first nest for the species in 1903, in northern lower Michigan. Cowbirds are asphyxiated in plastic bags using car exhaust fumes. Poorly sited wind turbines are a growing hazard to the Kirtland's Warbler, especially those around the species' fall migration route in the Great Lakes region. [28] As of 2016, the cowbird traps still capture 4,000 cowbirds a season. [36] In 2019 the population has been above the recovery goal of 1,000 pairs for seventeen years. The Wisconsin population continues to grow, with 53 individuals and twenty nests recorded in 2017. [18][19] It has also been observed in the summer in Québec, although it is not known to breed here. Where in the 1850s and 1860s zero warblers were seen or killed in The Bahamas by the collector Henry Bryant (naturalist), despite him spending much time searching for the birds,[29] in the 1880s and 1890s many dozens of warblers were recorded on almost all of the islands. The population has increased five-fold since the early 1950s, far surpassing the recovery goal for the species. Black-and-white warbler. [8] Pease was the son-in-law of Kirtland, and shot the bird on his father-in-law's farm. [2][3] The shell is very thin. These managed units total 220,000 acres (89,000 ha). The second of what was supposed to be a decennial census program in 1961 showed an increase in population, with 502 males counted; many of these were still found at the sites of the two 1930s fires, a quarter was now resident at the site of a large fire from 1946. But thanks to habitat management programs that include managed burns, clear-cutting, and seeding of Jack Pines — plus constant control of nest-parasitizing cowbirds — the number of singing males rebounded to over 2,300 by 2015. This early successional habitat was historically created by wildfire, but fire suppression programs almost eliminated the habitat and the species itself. [4][40] The habitat at this location appears to have been maintained due to fires stemming from military training exercises. [24][29], In 1871, fed by dry conditions, high winds and piles of logging slash, a massive forest fire swept through lower Michigan, with another great fire in The Thumb of the Lower Peninsula, and a further huge forest fire on the Wisconsin-Michigan border and yet another around Windsor, Ontario. Although it was initially believed to exclusively require jack pine stands, more recent research has found that the bird will also breed in some places in young stands of red pine (Pinus resinosa) of 10 to 15 years old. [46] In 1979 it was declared an endangered species of Canada on the basis that it may have once bred in Ontario. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Profile for Kirtland's Warbler, "How a tiny, rare songbird flies 3,400 miles and comes home to Michigan", http://www.uptownupdate.com/2015/05/rare-bird-alights-at-montrose-harbor.html, Kirtland's warbler, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy Songbirds: Kirtland's warbler, Endangered species program, Kirtland's warbler, US Fish and Wildlife Service, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kirtland%27s_warbler&oldid=991496544, Native birds of the Eastern United States, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Taxonbars without secondary Wikidata taxon IDs, Taxonbars with automatically added original combinations, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [24] Its cones open only after trees have been cleared away by forest fires or, after logging, in the summer sun. In 2006 suddenly three birds were recorded at Petawawa, and the subsequent year the first ever nest was recorded at the same locality. [7] Henninger mentions he finds it to have a certain resemblance to S. [4] The first specimen was shot at sea somewhere between the Abaco Islands and Cuba in mid-October 1841. These birds winter only in the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It may be that during the ice ages, which lasted much longer than interglacials, it had a more stable distribution and habitat, and the species exists as a relict during geologically brief periods of warming global temperatures. [23] Despite the evidence, Birdlife International, which performs the IUCN Red List assessments, has consistently copied and pasted their assertion of preference for accepting the Haney et al. Fish and Wildlife Service and given a new name—the Kirtland’s Warbler Recovery Team. "Kirtland's Warblers are most frequently seen where there are higher concentrations of certain fruiting shrubs such as wild sage, black torch, and snowberry, which the warblers prefer for feeding.". Meanwhile, since the 1990s, a multi-agency monitoring program in the Bahamas has been conducting research to learn more about the bird's winter habitat. [15] Other common plants in this habitat are blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina), Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense) and various grasses. [7] The generic epithet Setophaga is from the genitive case of Ancient Greek σής, transliterated as sḗs, meaning "moth", and phagos, meaning "eating". [50] Since delisting, continued monitoring is being used to ensure that the species remains secure.[48]. Although only 167 singing male warblers were recorded in 1974, nevertheless the large number of fledglings meant the traps were effective. Scientific name: Dendroica kirtlandii. [21] The records Adams was using are from the 1880s and 1890s and birds were shot as far west as Missouri and Minnesota, areas where the species has not been seen since. [30][31], Kirtland's warbler is highly susceptible to nest parasitism by this cowbird, to which the warblers are. "It is conservation reliant, meaning that continued management efforts are imperative for the population to hold its ground and continue to expand.”. Development and fragmentation of forests in the eastern United States have allowed brown-headed cowbirds to greatly expand their range eastward. The other components were to limit public access land during nesting season, to conduct annual censuses of the warbler population, and lastly to intensively control the cowbird population. This information is used to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. [15], In their winter habitat, they have been found primarily in low "coppice" habitat,[15][22][23] especially areas which have been cleared for slash-and-burn agriculture but have regrown after abandonment (98% of all records), with a preference for dense shrubbery with small openings here and there, no canopy and low ground cover. The cheeks are black and the eye ring is white. The Kirtland's warbler migrates to The Bahamas to overwinter. This collection, however, languished unrecognised as a new species in the private collection of Samuel Cabot Jr., and was not known to be of this species until it made its way to the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution in the 1860s. Blackpoll warbler. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Forest Service coordinate the clear cutting of tracts of 50 year old jack pines on 23 Kirtland's warbler management units. ... Kirtland’s Warbler Setophaga kirtlandii; [2][21] The following year Edward Arnold travelled to a nearby locality in June and found the third nest ever, this one with four eggs. magnolia. The Kirtland’s warbler population has since increased due to an intensive management effort, but a lot of work still needs to … Some scientific name changes (mostly from the reshuffling of Wood-Warblers – see my post here), and a few other changes in genus and family assignments. [6][15] A few months later the same three authors as in the 1997 work, Haney et al. The most destructive threat in the winter range are thought to be house cats, at least on some islands. It was thus one of the last bird species of North America to have its nesting habits discovered. [12], Jack pine is a species of somewhat smallish pine[citation needed] with a distribution that spans almost across North America. [4] The Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Scientific Name: Dendroica kirtlandii. It nests only in stands of young jack pines in central Michigan, a habitat that grows up only briefly after fires, and its nests have been heavily parasitized in recent decades by Brown-headed Cowbirds. In 1881 another massive conflagration burned down the forests in The Thumb. This period also happens to be the time when the most Kirtland's warblers ever were taken, although in this period ornithologists were as yet unaware where it bred, and almost all these birds were taken in The Bahamas and Turks and Caicos or along the migration route. He was able to capture both the male and the female, the female on the nest simply with his hands. Like Kirtland's Warbler, Golden-cheeked Warblers are especially vulnerable to human-caused threats because of their already-limited range and small population. [15], For breeding habitat it requires large areas of young jack pine (Pinus banksiana) on sandy soil. Kirtland's Warbler Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology Kirtland’s Warbler is a medium-sized songbird. 0:00 / Kirtland's warbler (song) song. They went even further in concluding that the world population of the warbler was not limited by the situation in their breeding range in Michigan, but that historic fluctuations in their population were instead being determined by the status of the pineyards in Bahamas. Ever since its discovery in the middle of the last century, Kirtland's Warbler has been considered a rarity.The first individual known to science was a migrant shot near Cleveland, Ohio, in May 1851. Both nests had chicks and one held a single unhatched egg. Keeping the Kirtland's Warbler population on the road to recovery will require continuing programs to create young Jack Pine forests and reduce nest parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds. Loss of habitat on the wintering groups is another threat to the species' long-term recovery. In his scientific journal articles he published a number of important discoveries. [6], In 1903 the taxidermist Norman Asa Wood was presented with a specimen by a student at the University of Michigan, and promptly travelled to the area it was killed, where he found the first nest ever discovered that July near the banks of the Au Sable River. There are no recent breeding records in Canada, but singing males are occasionally recorded in suitable breeding habitat in Ontario. Female slightly browner than male. The population of the species spends the spring and summer in their breeding range in Ontario, Wisconsin or Michigan, especially the northeastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and winters in The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It is quite possible colonisation by Europeans actually temporarily boosts populations of the bird. On October 8, the U.S. The festival is held annually during the first full weekend of June. [34], The birds depend on The Bahamas and adjacent territories during winter; in 1998 their winter habitat was judged to be extremely widespread and it was calculated that there is enough area and habitat in the Bahamas to house a population of roughly more than 500,000 birds. Common name: Kirtland’s Warbler. The Kirtland’s Warbler is among the first species given immediate protection. Blue jays prey on the nests and are a nuisance species because individual jays repeatedly allow themselves to get caught in the same traps used to exterminate the cowbirds of the nesting region. [28], As global climate changed after the ice age through the last 10 millennia or so, jack pine, and consequently also Kirtland's warbler, shifted their habitat north. [1] Management costs were estimated at $1.5 to 2 million per year in 2008,[35] however, the payments by timber companies for the sale of jack pine for manufacturing paper and wood pulp offsets some costs,[34] and the species brings bird-watching tourists to the region which is an economic boon to local businesses. [8], Baird decided to name the bird after Jared Potter Kirtland: "a gentleman to whom, more than any one living, we are indebted for a knowledge of the Natural History of the Mississippi Valley". Mayfield suggests that the species was restricted during this age to the southeastern Atlantic coast, which might explain its modern overwintering range in the Bahamas as opposed to Mexico, as well as why it appears to be closer related to Caribbean warbler species. The second greatest threat to Kirtland’s warbler … Black-throated blue warbler. Like the prairie warbler, Kirtland’s Warbler displays a characteristic tail-bobbing behaviour; unlike the prairie warbler, Kirtland’s Warbler does not have a yellowish face. [35][36] Effective blue jay management involves transporting a few hundred jays a year dozens of miles away to be released. Most of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan was once covered in vast tracts of old growth white pine (Pinus strobus), the final stage of succession in the woodlands of that region, but these were all harvested by the early 19th century for construction in the growing cities and towns around the Great Lakes and along the East Coast. It has been regularly recorded in the following protected areas: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, massive forest fire swept through lower Michigan, United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered mammals and birds, Kirtlands Warbler Wildlife Management Area, "Discovery of the Breeding Area of the Kirtland's Warbler", "A quantitative analysis of winter distribution and habitats of Kirtland's Warblers in the Bahamas", 10.1676/0043-5643(2001)113[0378:APDKHF]2.0.CO;2, "Paruline orangée - Protonotaria citrea - Prothonotary Warbler", "Winter Habitat of Kirtland's Warbler: An Endangered Nearctic/Neotropical Migrant", "A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio", "First Record of Kirtland's Warbler from the Dominican Republic, West Indies, and Additional Bird Observations", "A recent record of the Kirtland's warbler in Florida", "Kirtland's Warbler government response statement", "Kirtland's Warblers in anthropogenically disturbed early-successional habitats on Eleuthera, The Bahamas", "Where Were Kirtland's Warblers During the Last Ice Age? were tainted by misidentification with S. dominica flavescens, a similar-looking subspecies which was not adequately described or illustrated in almost all guide books at the time. 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